While the Pyramids of Giza may steal the spotlight, no journey through Egypt’s ancient heritage is complete without visiting Saqqara—the vast necropolis that laid the foundations of pyramid building. Located about 30 kilometers south of Cairo, Saqqara is one of the most important archaeological sites in Egypt and home to the oldest pyramid ever constructed: the Step Pyramid of Djoser.

The Step Pyramid of Djoser – Where It All Began

The Step Pyramid was built in the 27th century BC during the reign of Pharaoh Djoser, and it marks the beginning of Egypt’s grand pyramid tradition. Designed by the legendary architect Imhotep, this revolutionary structure was the first large-scale monument made entirely of stone.

Unlike the smooth-sided pyramids of Giza, the Step Pyramid consists of six rectangular layers stacked on top of one another, creating a stepped appearance. It was originally 62 meters high and served as a royal tomb, surrounded by a massive enclosure filled with ceremonial buildings and courtyards. Walking through the complex, you can still feel the spiritual energy of this sacred place, which once functioned as the heart of ancient religious rituals.

The Saqqara Necropolis – A Treasure Trove of History

Beyond the Step Pyramid, Saqqara spans more than 7 kilometers of ancient tombs, pyramids, temples, and underground galleries. It served as the main burial ground for the ancient capital, Memphis, for over 3,000 years—making it one of the richest archaeological zones in the world.

Here, you can explore:

• Tombs of high-ranking officials adorned with beautifully preserved wall paintings.
• Serapeum, a mysterious underground complex where sacred Apis bulls were buried in massive stone sarcophagi.
• Other pyramids from later dynasties, such as those of Unas and Teti, with interior walls covered in the earliest known Pyramid Texts—inscriptions that provide insight into ancient Egyptian beliefs about the afterlife.

A Quieter, More Intimate Experience

Unlike Giza, which can be crowded with tourists, Saqqara offers a more peaceful and immersive experience. The wide desert landscape, scattered ruins, and sense of isolation allow you to connect with the history in a more personal way. You’ll often find yourself walking among ruins in near silence, with only the desert wind and distant calls of birds breaking the stillness.

Saqqara is also an active excavation site, and new discoveries are made regularly—including beautifully painted tombs, ancient coffins, and statues that have remained untouched for thousands of years. Every visit could mean seeing something newly uncovered by archaeologists.

Tips for Visiting Saqqara

• Combine your visit to Saqqara with nearby Dahshur, home to the Bent Pyramid and Red Pyramid—offering a complete view of the evolution of pyramid architecture.
• Wear comfortable walking shoes and bring water—most of the site is open desert terrain.
• Consider hiring a certified guide to unlock the deeper stories and symbolism hidden in the transfervings and structures.

Why Saqqara Should Be on Your Egypt Itinerary

Saqqara isn’t just a historical site—it’s the birthplace of pyramid building, the prototype for all the great monuments that came after. Visiting this ancient necropolis offers a deeper understanding of Egypt’s spiritual and architectural beginnings. If you want to see where Egyptian greatness truly began, Saqqara is the place to go.